Inception 🐳

This project involves broadening knowledge of system administration by using Docker to virtualize several Docker images, creating a small infrastructure in a personal virtual machine. The goal is to set up a specific infrastructure using docker-compose with NGINX, MariaDB, and WordPress, each running in its own container.

🏗 Architecture

The infrastructure consists of three separate containers connected via a custom Docker network:

Mandatory Stack

• NGINX: The entry point. It handles HTTPS (TLSv1.2/1.3) and forwards PHP requests to the WordPress container.
• WordPress: The application container running PHP-FPM. It contains the WP-CLI scripts to auto-install the site.
• MariaDB: The database container. It stores the WordPress data and is isolated from the outside world (no public ports).

Bonus Stack

• Redis: In-memory cache configured to speed up WordPress database queries.
• FTP Server (vsftpd): Provides direct file access to the WordPress volume.
• Adminer: A lightweight web-based database management tool (SQL GUI).
• Portainer: A visual dashboard to monitor and manage Docker containers.
• Static Website: A dedicated container serving a simple static HTML page.

All data for the database and WordPress files is persistent via Docker Volumes stored on the host machine.

📋 Prerequisites

• Docker Engine
• Docker Compose
• Make
• Root privileges (for /etc/hosts and volume creation)

🛠 Installation & Setup

1. Configure the Domain

To access the site via cbopp.42.fr instead of localhost, you must modify your hosts file.

Open the hosts file

sudo vim /etc/hosts

Add the following line

127.0.0.1   cbopp.42.fr

2. Clone the Repository

git clone <repository_url> inception cd inception

3. Setup Environment Variables

Create a .env file in the srcs/ directory.

touch srcs/.env

Copy the keys from the Configuration section below and fill in your secrets.

4. Build and Run

Use the Makefile to build the images and start the containers.

make

• First launch will take a few minutes to build the images and install WordPress.
• The WordPress installer waits for MariaDB to be ready before configuring the site.

5. Access the Services

Open your browser and navigate to:

Service	URL/Access	Description
Wordpress	https://cbopp.42.fr	Main website
Adminer	https://cbopp.42.fr/adminer	Database GUI (User: user, Server: mariadb)
Static site	https://cbopp.42.fr/static	Static HTML page
Portainer	https://cbopp.42.fr:9443/	Docker Management Dashboard
FTP	IP: cbopp.42.fr Port: 21	File Transfer

⚙️ Configuration (.env)

Define the following keys in srcs/.env. Do not commit your actual passwords to Git.

DOMAIN_NAME=cbopp.42.fr

# --- MySQL / MariaDB Setup ---
SQL_HOST=mariadb:3306
SQL_DATABASE=wordpress
SQL_USER=

# --- WordPress Install Config ---
WP_URL=cbopp.42.fr
WP_TITLE=
WP_ADMIN_USER=
WP_ADMIN_EMAIL=

# --- WordPress Secondary User ---
WP_USER=
WP_EMAIL=
WP_PASSWORD=

# --- FTP User ---
FTP_USER=

Secrets

Define the important passwords in the following files:

touch secrets/db_password.txt secrets/db_root_password.txt secrets/wp_admin_password.txt secrets/ftp_password.txt

🎮 Usage Commands

The project includes a Makefile to simplify management:

Command	Description
make	Builds images, create volumes, and start the cluster in the background.
make down	Stops and removes the containers and networks.
make clean	Stops containers and removes docker images/networks (keeps data).
make fclean	Nuclear Option: Stops everything, removes images, deletes all database/site data on the host.
make re	Rebuilds everything from scratch (fclean + all).
make nginx	Rebuilds only the NGINX container.
make wordpress	Rebuilds only the WordPress container.
make mariadb	Rebuilds only the MariaDB container.
make redis	Rebuilds only the Redis container.
make adminer	Rebuilds only the Adminer container.
make portainer	Rebuilds only the Portainer container.
make website	Rebuilds only the static site container.
make ftp	Rebuilds only the FTP container.

📁 Directory Structure

inception/
├── Makefile
└── srcs/
    ├── docker-compose.yml
    ├── .env                <-- You create this
    └── requirements/
        ├── mariadb/
        │   ├── Dockerfile
        │   ├── conf/
        │   └── tools/
        ├── nginx/
        │   ├── Dockerfile
        │   └── conf/
        ├── wordpress/
        │   ├── Dockerfile
        │   ├── conf/
        │   └── tools/
        └── bonus/
            ├── adminer/
            ├── ftp/
            ├── portainer/
            ├── redis/
            └── website/